Which glands release hormones in response to stress or excitement?

The adrenal glands are responsible for releasing hormones in response to stress or excitement. When the body encounters a stressful situation, the adrenal glands produce crucial hormones such as adrenaline (also known as epinephrine) and cortisol. Adrenaline quickly prepares the body for a ‘fight or flight’ response by increasing heart rate, expanding air passages, and enhancing energy supply. Cortisol, often referred to as the stress hormone, helps regulate metabolism, immune response, and blood sugar levels, providing the body with the necessary resources to cope with prolonged stress.

The other glands listed have different primary functions. The pituitary gland, often called the "master gland," regulates other glands in the endocrine system and is involved in various homeostatic processes but does not directly respond to stress in the same immediate way as the adrenal glands. The thyroid glands are primarily involved in metabolic regulation and energy production but do not directly release hormones in response to stress. Pancreatic glands are primarily concerned with insulin production to regulate blood sugar levels and do not play a direct role in stress hormone release.