Which term describes a movement type where the arm moves away from the torso?

The term that describes the movement of an arm moving away from the torso is abduction. This term specifically refers to a motion that takes a limb away from the midline of the body, which, in this case, is the torso. When the arm is raised laterally, it is being abducted, creating an angle between the arm and the body.

In contrast, adduction refers to the movement of a limb toward the midline of the body, which would mean bringing the arm back towards the torso. Flexion involves decreasing the angle between two body parts, such as bending the elbow or knee, while extension involves increasing the angle, such as straightening the arm or leg. Therefore, abduction is the correct term for the movement of the arm moving away from the torso.